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FEDERAL SECTOR
REPORT
IN THIS ISSUE
Acquisition
Strategy and IT for e-Government
Acquisition Links
Consulting Services
Home Page
(c) 2004 - 2007 by
the P2C2 Group,
Inc.
ACQUISITION STRATEGY & IT for
e-GOVERNMENT
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Seventy-five percent of all
large-scale, custom software-intensive systems fail.
- W. Gibbs, “Software’s
Chronic Crisis,” Scientific American, pp. 86-, September 1994.
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Acquisition strategy is the bridge between the idea and
reality of e-Government. This is why Acquisition Strategy
is part of the Capital Planning and Investment Control (CPIC) process
and one of the 10 areas where the Office of Management and Budget (OMB)
scores Exhibit 300s. Failure to implement and manage a successful
acquisition strategy will have a domino effect: Weak acquisitions will
inevitably have a negative effect on, costs, schedules, risks, and
results.
Once upon a time, acquisition for information technology (IT)
tended to be an afterthought, a hurry-up activity at the end of the
fiscal year. In reality, acquisition is an ongoing activity that
parallels the lifecycles for CPIC, capital planning, e-Government
strategy, and information security. It should be an integral part of
ongoing IT management at both the enterprise and project levels.
As thought-starters for your acquisition strategy, we are
presenting two checklists--one for aligning acquisitions with CPIC, and
the other for developing contract bid packages. Before diving into the
checklists, however, let us first review how acquisition fits
into federal enterprise architecture, project management, and capital
investment requirements for IT.
Acquisition and Enterprise Architecture
Sound acquisition management is a key ingredient to
successful enterprise architecture, according to the General
Accountability Office (GAO). It identified a set of essential and
complementary management disciplines that encompassed:
- IT
investment management
- Software/system
development and acquisition
management
- IT
services acquisition
management
- IT
human capital management
- Information
security management
- Enterprise
architecture management.
Acquisition
therefore is key element that should be tightly integrated with an
agency's enterprise architecture and e-Government strategy. The GAO
report is titled INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY: A Framework for Assessing
and Improving Enterprise Architecture Management, GAO Report
GAO-03-584G, which is available at
http://www.gao.gov/new.items/d03584g.pdf.
Acquisition and the System Development Life Cycle
Variations in the System Development Life Cycle (SDLC)
methodology will have an impact on your Acquisition Strategy. In
addition to the original "waterfall" model for SDLC, there are
often good reasons to apply some of the newer development
strategies--such as Rapid Application Development (RAD), Joint
Application Development (JAD), Spiral lifecycle development, and
verious hybrids. The Spiral approach, for example, assumes multiple
iterations of development and enhancement with corresponding
repetitions of procurement actions. Computerworld offers a
quick review of SDLC methods.
Acquisition and Project
Management
The Project Management Institute recognizes
the criticality of acquisition, and "Project Procurement Management" is
one of nine knowledge areas in the Project Management Body of Knowledge
(PMBOK). Certified project managers therefore should already have a
general awareness of the importance of acquisition. A useful resource
is PMI's book titled Project Management: Contracting,
Subcontracting, and Teaming (ISBN: 0974391204). It is by Quentin
Fleming, who is best known for his work in earned value management but
who also brings a very broad understanding of government acquisition
and project management.
A federal acquisition strategy should implement all of the
core concepts of OMB Circular
A-11 and especially Section 300 which delineates requirements for
the Exhibit 300. Acquisition is an ongoing process that is managed to
achieve high-quality performance throughout the entire CPIC process of
Pre-Select, Select, Control, Evaluate, and Steady State.
According to OMB:
Performance-based acquisition management
means a documented, systematic process for program management, which
includes integration of program scope, schedule and cost objectives,
establishment of a baseline plan for accomplishment of program
objectives, and use of earned value techniques for performance
measurement during execution of the program.
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Acquisition strategy and execution
will inevitably be a huge driving force in determining the
effectiveness and cost efficiency of IT for e-Government.
TIP FOR
CONTRACTORS
Knowing federal requirements for
Acquisition Strategy can help you be more competitive in your
proposals, plans, and contract performance. Acquisition is supposed to
be a win-win process for both agencies and strong performers.
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CHECKLIST FOR ALIGNMENT OF ACQUISITION STRATEGY IN
THE EXHIBIT 300
Our first checklist is geared to developing an
acquisition strategy that supports your OMB Exhibit 300 business cases
for funding federal IT projects. Its broad scope also makes it useful
for reviewing your general approach to acquisitions for e-Government
and Enterprise Architecture.
- The Acquisition Strategy should make
maximum use of interagency agreements, collaboration, and
public-private partnerships to leverage investments, improve results,
and reduce costs to taxpayers.
- Acquisitions using the
share-in-savings authority in section 210 of the E-Government Act of
2002 must be funded from the funds that would have been appropriated
for operations and maintenance of the legacy system the new system is
replacing. (See Circular A-11, Section 300.6)
- Each contract should support the IT
investment goals stated in the Exhibit 300, and contract performance
metrics should be tied to the CPIC measures of results.
- The Acquisition Strategy should
clearly define how each contract will support the agency's Enterprise
Architecture and e-Government strategy.
- Each contract must assure that
there will be full compliance with federal and agency requirements for
information security and privacy.
- The Acquisition Strategy should
define how qualified program/project managers will monitor and control
contract execution, taking prompt corrective action whenever
significant problems arise.
- The Acquisition Strategy must
address project risks, identifying how the contract(s) will be
structured to avoid or mitigate cost, performance, technical, and other
risks.
- The scope of work of each contract
must be clearly defined segments of the government's overall IT capital
investment plan.
- Each contract must be aligned with
the Work Breakdown Structure (WBS), schedule, and milestones of the
Funding Plan presented in the OMB Exhibit 300.
- Acquisitions supporting
Development, Modernization, and Enhancement (DME) investments should
align the contractor's EVMS reporting with the Exhibit 300's Funding
Plan, which includes milestones, schedules, and performance targets.
- Acquisitions supporting Steady
State investments should build in metrics required for Operational
Analysis, as outlined by the OMB Capital Programming Guide.
- Acquisitions should support
paperwork elimination and electronic government whenever practical and
cost effective.
CHECKLIST FOR
PREPARING SPECIFIC BID PACKAGES
The second checklist
is targeted to acquisition strategies for specific work statements and
requests for proposals (RFPs). Of course, there is much more to good
acquisition packages, and we encourage you to work cooperatively with
your agency procurement executive and contracting officers.
- Each contract phase or option period must
provide a useful segment of deliverables and/or services.
- Prepare for acquisitions
early--they almost always take more time than you would wish. Lay out a
step-by-step schedule for developing the acquisition package, competing
the requirement, and negotiating the award.
- Involve your Integrated Project
Team (IPT).
- Conduct market research and solicit
industry comments before an investment's scope of work is cast in
stone.
- Search http://www.fedbizopps.gov/, the
government's Request for Proposal and awards site, to identify similar
acquisitions; and check with government representatives to find out how
well the contract structure is working (and what they would do
differently).
- Determine the best means for
assuring competition--such as a major upfront competition and/or use of
multiple Indefinite Delivery/Indefinite Quantity (IDIQ) awards to
assure ongoing competition for tasks.
- Provide flexibility that encourages
prospective contractors to propose alternative results that achieve
performance goals and results by methods that are better, faster,
cheaper, or less risky.
- Follow the principles of
Performance Based Service Acquisition, as defined in Federal
Acquisition Regulation 37.600.
- Use firm-fixed price
performance-based contracts wherever feasible.
- Use Commercial Off-the-Shelf
(COTS), government-owned, or Open Source software where ever practical
and cost effective.
- Require Section 508 compliance in
contract provisions.
- Mitigate risks if a Time and
Material (T&M) must be used--such as clearly defined tasks and
performance goals, regular performance reviews, segmented periods of
performance, and good documentation that is usable by an alternative
contractor.
- Consider cost-savings agreements
(awarding the contractor a share of bringing in the project under
budgeted cost).
- Provide negative incentives
(penalties) for contractors who perform poorly.
ACQUISITION
LINKS
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Acquisition Lifecycle image from the U.S. Patent
and Trademark Office Acquisition Manual. Click on image for larger view
and link to PTO document. The lifecycle phases are:
- Mission and Business Plan
- Budget
- Acquisition Plan
- Procurement
- Manage and Measure
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The P2C2 Group has been upgrading our web site, and we hope
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Best wishes,
Jim Kendrick
4101 Denfeld
Avenue
Kensington, MD
20895
301-942-7985
NEWSLETTER ARCHIVE
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The P2C2 Group, Inc.
4101 Denfeld Avenue | Kensington, MD 20895
Point of Contact: Jim Kendrick, President
e-mail: kendrick@p2c2group.com
phone: 301-942-7985 | fax: 301-942-7986 |
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